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Dietary Vitamin E Supplementation Attenuates Hypertension in Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats

Department of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada

Vicki Gill, RT

Department of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada

Sushil Parai, MD

Department of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada

Veeresh Gadag, PhD

Division of Community Health, Health Sciences Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada

There is strong evidence that excess dietary salt (NaCl) is a major factor contributing to the development of hypertension. Salt-sensitive humans and rats develop hypertension even on a normal-salt diet. Salt sensitivity is associated with glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in both humans and animal models, including Dahl salt-sensitive (DSS) rats. In insulin resistance, impaired glucose metabolism leads to elevated endogenous aldehydes that bind sulfhydryl groups of membrane proteins, altering calcium channels, and increasing cytosolic free calcium ([Ca²⁺]_i) and blood pressure. Vitamin E lowers tissue aldehyde conjugates, cytosolic [Ca²⁺]_i, and blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats and fructose-induced hypertensive Wistar Kyoto rats, models of insulin resistance. This study investigated the effect of a normal-salt diet on tissue aldehyde conjugates, cytosolic [Ca²⁺]_i, and blood pressure in DSS rats and the effect of vitamin E supplementation on blood pressure and associated biochemical changes in these animals. Seven-week-old DSS rats were divided into 3 groups of 6 animals each and treated for 6 weeks with diets as follows: low-salt (0.4% NaCl); normal-salt (0.7% NaCl) and normal salt (0.7% NaCl) plus vitamin E (34 mg/kg feed). At completion, animals in the normal-salt group had significantly elevated systolic blood pressure, cytosolic [Ca²⁺]_i, and tissue aldehyde conjugates compared with the low-salt group. They also showed smooth muscle cell hyperplasia in small arteries and arterioles of the kidney. Dietary vitamin E supplementation significantly attenuated the increase in systolic blood pressure and associated biochemical and histopathologic changes.

Key Words: vitamin E • salt-sensitive hypertension • aldehydes • cytosolic [Ca2+]i

Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vol. 10, No. 2, 103-111 (2005)
DOI: 10.1177/107424840501000204


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